Guides / Debt collector validation

Debt collector contacted you? Ask them to prove it

If a collector says you owe money and you don't recognize the debt, the amount looks wrong, or you're not sure it's yours, you can ask them in writing to validate it before you pay anything.

1. Gather the facts

• The collector's name, mailing address, and any reference or account number they gave you
• The validation notice, if they sent one, and the date you received it
• The name of the original creditor and the amount they say you owe
• Notes from any calls: date, time, who you spoke with, and what they said
• Your own records, such as old statements or proof of past payments

2. Why timing matters

Collectors generally have to send you a validation notice with the amount, the creditor, and how to dispute. The notice gives a date for your dispute window, usually about 30 days. If you dispute in writing within that window, the collector generally has to pause collection until it sends you verification. You can still dispute later, but acting early gives you the most protection. Don't admit the debt is yours or agree to pay while you're waiting for an answer.

3. What your letter should include

• Your name, mailing address, and the reference number from the collector
• A clear statement that you are disputing the debt and requesting validation
• A request for the name of the original creditor, the amount, and how that amount was calculated
• A request for proof that they are allowed to collect this debt
• If you want, a request that they contact you only in writing
• The date, and a note that you're keeping a copy

Send it by certified mail with return receipt if you can, so you have proof of the date they received it.

4. If they keep calling or don't respond

Keep a log of every contact. If a collector keeps collecting without answering your dispute, uses threats, or contacts you in ways you asked them to stop, you can submit a complaint to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau or your state attorney general. The CFPB's debt collection page also explains your rights in more detail.